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If any changes are required in the layout after the whole layout process is complete(say u encounter a hardware bug), one can remove the filler cells and place actual logic instead of that.
So that whole chip routing is not needed and thus time is saved.
Filler cells are used to fill the empty spaces that are left after all your standard cells are placed (including clock buffers) . There are mainly 2 reasons that you need them .
1. align row for each of standard cell rows
2. complete power and ground rails
Filler cells are used to fill the empty spaces between the cells in floorplan. Uses of the filler cells are
To avoid the metal density DRC error
complete power and ground rails
align row for each of standard cell rows
FIller Cell are empty Cells with only Power and Ground Rails. After Place and Route there will be enpty areas left in the row and hence the power will not reach all the cells due this discontinuity. After adding filler cells this discontinuity will go away. Also few people make use of filler cell for increasing the metal density and poly density by using the empty space in filler Cell. Hope this clarifies your doubt.
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