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Recent content by Onigece

  1. O

    Current Mirror confusion!

    From what I know, in order for a BJT to operate: The emitter-base should be forward biased (current mirror's Q1 Emitter-Base is forward biased, so its okay) and the collector-base region should be reverse biased (current mirror's Q1 collector-base is not reverse biased but it is short...
  2. O

    Current Mirror confusion!

    I have seen simple Current Mirror ckt., and I noticed that C-B is short-circuited by a wire. How come that there is current flowing through C-B even if it is short-circuited? I am really confused on how current mirror works.
  3. O

    [SOLVED] MCU clock cycle = crystal frequency used ?

    Im getting the idea.
  4. O

    [SOLVED] MCU clock cycle = crystal frequency used ?

    I don't have oscilloscope at home, is simulation just ok? I need to download one if necessary. @Betwixt and keith1200rs > By the way do you think that the '1/4' in the image means 'instruction frequency' or there is really an internal circuit that divides the crystal oscillator frequency (i.e...
  5. O

    [SOLVED] MCU clock cycle = crystal frequency used ?

    Does PIC uses pipelining? If it does, then even if an instruction needs 4 clock cycle for execution the effective clock cycle for each instruction is 1. I'll elaborate more on what I mean/think: If PIC uses pipelining, the first instruction would need 4 clock cycle to be executed. However...
  6. O

    [SOLVED] MCU clock cycle = crystal frequency used ?

    This image from Chapter 1: World of Microcontrollers - Book: PIC Microcontrollers - Programming in C confuses me. Why the crystal frequency (20MHz) is divided by 4? Shouldn't the crystal frequency (20MHz) be directly applied to the processor?
  7. O

    [SOLVED] MCU clock cycle = crystal frequency used ?

    If I am connecting a 20MHz crystal between the pins OSC1 and OSC2 of PIC12/PIC18, which is correct? a.) Instruction cycle = 20MHz/4 = 5.0MHz (0.2us) b.) Instruction cycle = 20MHz/8 = 2.5MHz (0.4us) c.) None of the above. (why)
  8. O

    [SOLVED] MCU clock cycle = crystal frequency used ?

    MCU clock cycle = crystal frequency ? How is the 'clock cycle' of PIC MCU related to the 'crystal' oscillator connected between pins OSC1 and OSC2?
  9. O

    How does a sound chip work? Can one modify the spoken text in toys?

    IC's on toys as far as I know are nonreprogrammable, so theres no way you can alter its data (digitized voice) but you can make your own chip and proram it and replace the IC of your toy as suggested by goldsmith. By the way, does anyone knows what is the type of IC packaging used in low-end...
  10. O

    Logic Gates Floating Input

    Then, how will connecting this floating input to circuit ground(for low input) can solve this noise problem? Noise will be still present even if i connect it to circuit ground isn't it?
  11. O

    Logic Gates Floating Input

    Can you explain more about this. Where is the capacitor?
  12. O

    Logic Gates Floating Input

    How can noise be imposed on a floating input? It is an open input terminal, so how can noise current pass?
  13. O

    Does a usual AA battery under no-load condition have external electric field?........

    Thanks for replies. Can you refer any webpage that says something about it?
  14. O

    how to connect p89v51rd2(8051) having ir receiver at input and uln2803 at output

    You may check if they have the same speed (bit rate) and same logic level voltage. I am not familiar with IR transceivers, refer to its datasheet.
  15. O

    Understanding Circuit Schematics

    Instead of saying R3 is connected to Pin4, you should think of it this way: -R3 is connected to +9v supply through switch S1 -Pin4 is also connected to +9v supply through switch S1 -Pin8 is also connected to +9v supply through switch S1 -R1 is also connected to +9v supply through switch S1
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