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first para:
In addition to a conduction current, the transport of charges in semiconductor may be accounted for by a mechanism called diffusion, "NOT ORDINARILY ENCOUNTERED IN METALS" .
please read first para of DIFFUSION topic of following link:
Integrated Electronics - Millman & Halkias - Google Books
---------- Post added at 20:53 ---------- Previous post was at 20:51 ----------
@jpanhalt
please read first para of DIFFUSION topic of following link:
Integrated Electronics...
i think we are diverting from the basic question which is asked by thread author, i also have same problems in deciding configuration of transistors in circuit.
please give your valuable views for deciding configurations of trasistors in circuits (digital or analog)
in ckt when transistor T3 is ON, then according to me current through R17 will be flowing away from base of T2 towards the negative terminal of battery through collector of T3, so potential across R17 will be such that it will be positive (bcoz of flow of current from right to left through R17)...
A Device is said to be active if...
(i) It is a source of Power in the circuit...
(ii) It amplifies any voltage or current in a circuit...
(iii) It acts as a switch ie., has modes equivalent to ON and OFF...
e.g., transistor amplifies and can also act as a switch...
SO, diode is also said...
frnds the text which taken from books specifies that drift current is independent of biasing only because biasing doesn't produce minority carriers (or drift current carriers) but if minority carriers get generated by temprature then minority carriers (or drift current carriers) will get drifted...
@ pjdd: but when zener is in breakdown, then can't it shot circuit battery through R 18 and base emitter junction of transistor, so that no current goes to power LEDs
---------- Post added at 13:47 ---------- Previous post was at 13:43 ----------
If i use 5.8volt zener in place of 5.1 volt...
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