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As metioned by the others, any portable application ---like Laptop computers, Mobile phone,... and applications for medical usage that need surgery operation (consider an artificial heart running by a battery)---must be low power.
Still at the top of the tree are SRAMS for mobile phones. They act as Non volatile and cheap alternatives to flash and are now about 16Mb-64MB. They are often packaged with Flash memories (same package) for mobile applications. These are typiclally conventional 6T SRAM devices with leakages << 1pA per cell.
Very few other applications enforce such strict leakage requirements.
Note that for a given technology, say 100nm, the low leakage transistor is about a generation behind ~130nm (or 180nm tech, using 200nm transistors in critical path)
Chip manufacturers always balance the equity between power speed.Earlier they were staunch supporters oh high speed chips with no care for power dissipation.But nowadays we can find Low power has taken the place in all the fields.Owing to this there is also an international conference named Power Aware SuperComputing.
Sort of different kettle of fish. Space applications are more interested in radiation hardness or immunity to radiation. So backup and error checking are more important, although low power is a concern. The "good" thing about space applications SO FAR is speed is not of the essence but data integrity is. So lower bandwidth with higher reliability is important. If you can push the bandwidth envelope with reliable data then you will succeed. Data xfer such as QAM allows greater bandwidth for a given frequency almost for free (in technology sense but not IC complexity). For space applications, often complexity is sacrifised for reliability so providing a reliable solution in the key. That often requires some form of backup or error checking.
If you provide some software error correction as is often possible in QAM solutions the hard ware (IC Layout) becomes a little simpler (low power).
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