The capacitor type used for C1–C4 is not critical for proper operation. The MAX232E and MAX241E require 1µF capacitors, although in all cases capacitors up to 10µF can be used without harm. Ceramic, aluminum-electrolytic, or tantalum capacitors are suggested for the 1µF capacitors.
When using the minimum recommended capacitor values, make sure the capacitance value does not degrade excessively as the operating temperature varies. If in doubt, use capacitors with a larger (e.g., 2x) nominal value. The capacitors’ effective series resistance (ESR), which usually rises at low temperatures, influences the amount of ripple on V+ and V-.
Use larger capacitors (up to 10µF) to reduce the output impedance at V+ and V-. This can be useful when “stealing” power from V+ or from V-.