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What is the meaning of IO maximum frequency??

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zhangljz

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Hi,
As we know, for an IO pad, it has the maximum operation frequency, like 200MHz. But how to define this frequency, and what will happen when over this frequency?

Take 200MHz as an example:
1), Is it because the delay of IO pad is 5ns, so the maximum frequency is constrained to 200MHZ?
2), Because of the rise time and fall time, when the frequency increases, the waveform gradually become sine form. When frequency exceeds 200MHz, the output cannot even reach the full amplitude
3), other reasons

Who can tell me the exact reason for this?

Thanks
 

Once Delay and Slew Rate are intrinsic characteristics, the 1 and 2 reasons you raised each one contribute to determine the overall 200MHz frequency limit.


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