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What is the difference between these amplifier types?

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matrixofdynamism

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By name it is operational amplifier but the application wise, the internal connections will get change. That's the reason it has been segregated in the manner. Obviously with only op-amp you can bring out the other 2 amplifiers.
 

Opamp: One differential input pair, one single ended output, very high open loop gain (practically infinite at DC)

Differential amps: In a technical sense, Opamps are differential amplifiers. But when an amplifier is referred to as "differential" it's usually referring to differential outputs, which typical opamps don't have. Sometimes these have internal feedback resistors, in order to improve CMRR.

Instrumentation amps: One differential input pair, but the structure is normally more sophisticated and gives much better DC characteristics (offset and bias currents, etc) and better CMRR than standard op amps. Also their gain is usually not determined by external feedback resistors, but rather by a single external resistor.
 

Opamp:..................
Differential amps: In a technical sense, Opamps are differential amplifiers. But when an amplifier is referred to as "differential" it's usually referring to differential outputs, which typical opamps don't have. Sometimes these have internal feedback resistors, in order to improve CMRR.
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There are also amplifiers called Differential Amps that have a single-ended output with a fixed gain and a high common-mode rejection, often with a high common-mode voltage range well above the supply voltages.
 

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