microprocessor is used as a computing unit....so it has to be integrated with memory, IO, ...etc to have a complete system
whereas the microcontroller already has all of this inside one chip....no need to have add-ons.....some microcontrollers also have ADC, UART, ....etc. Each vendor offers different features and according to ur system requirements you choose whichever suits u best
Microcontroller features
•On-chip peripherals
••Timers, analog-digital converters, serial communication, etc.
••Tightly integrated for programmer, typically part of register space
•On-chip program and data memory
•Direct programmer access to many of the chip’s pins
•Specialized instructions for bit-manipulation and other low-level operations