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A step-down DC/DC converter can be made by a simple regulator, comparator, etc...; or if you wish, by a SMPS. A step-up converter, however needs necessarily to be built in switched topologies, which in other words are circuits able to store packs of energy at each interval, releasing then in such a manner that voltages are added in series.
Certainly you will find much better explanations, but it was what came up to my mind so far.
DC-DC converters may or may not use switching modes (there are linear regulators that do not use switching modes) but SMPS may be AC-DC (like the computer PS) or DC-DC (some ICs also use switch mode principles). Both are same in the sense that they convert voltage levels (mostly DC) and the difference is in the details (how do they do that!)
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