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Level shifters are used in multivdd design,
Because in multivdd design different blocks are working on different voltages.
So when a signal passes from one voltage domain to another voltage domain the level shifter is needed particularly when a signal passes from low voltage domain to high voltage domain.
The level shifter will convert one voltage level from to another voltage.
Level shifters are used when the signals goes to one voltage domain to another voltage domain. This LS will amplify the signal for that power domain so that the high Voltage domain cells can read logic-1 or logic-0 correctly. Usually LS are inserted only while crossing low voltage domain to high voltage domain.
Hi
level shifters are used when we have multiple power supply voltage designs ex one at 0.8v and other at 1.2 V.then level shifters are used at interfaces.
Following is a sample circuit for a Level Shifter.
The first is an up-conversion level shifter circuit
and the 2nd one is a down conversion Level shifter.
There are fancier designs available but the above circuits
show how these level shifters behave for down converting
or upconverting.
Products such as Conformal - Low Power (CLP) can detect
whether level shifters are missing between power domains
transitions.
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ay
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