In my view, a TIA is an implementation of a CCVS by a feedback structure. A common gate stage can be understood as the most simple CCVS design (with respective limitations).
The OP seems to confuse input impedance of the non-feedback amplifier with TIA input impedance, which is provided by the feedback structure. The single stage differential amplifier shown in post #3 can be used as a differential TIA with the respective feedback network, but according the limited amplifier gain, the input impedance won't be particularly low.
Just mentioning 30-50 ohm versus 170 ohm input impedance is however very little of specification. Of course it's simple to achieve arbitary input impedances by adjusting feedback network and transistor area/current. But there will be surely specifications about transimpedance versus frequency, current consumption, noise. Without it, it's pointless to guess e.g. about the required number of amplifier stages.