# [SOLVED]To solve Histeresis problem in PIC16F628A when using comparators

Status
Not open for further replies.

#### speedEC

##### Full Member level 6
Dear All,

I previously used LM358 IC to monitor battery voltage of my 6v, 4.2Ah sealed lead acid battery. It consumes more current even device is in idle status, since it has connected directly to battery. So, I have decided to use on chip analog comparators provided on PIC16F628A to extend the battery life double. If so, I can monitor the battery at the desired interval, say for example everyday morning. I have designed the circuit as follows and it works well. But, I need to design hysteresis circuit for this comparator. Because, LED is lit lightly in small variations. I have to stop the LED and ON the LED only when the comparator output reaches exact value. Can anyone help me to design hysteresis circuit?

View attachment COMPARATOR_PIC16F628A.bmp

Thanks
pmk

#### cent24.3

##### Member level 2
Hi speedEC,

Can you explain what is your voltage reference for the comparator ?
If I'm right, internal voltage ref of the pic16f628a is relative to vdd...

#### speedEC

##### Full Member level 6
If I'm right, internal voltage ref of the pic16f628a is relative to vdd...

Yes. I set 1.93v as Vref on AN1 pin.

thanks
pmk

#### cent24.3

##### Member level 2
Yes. I set 1.93v as Vref on AN1 pin.

So you are trying to detect a voltage variation of the battery voltage but the Vdd of your pic is varying according to the battery voltage (so do the Vref of the pic).
According to microchip data sheet:
The equations used to calculate the output of the
Voltage Reference are as follows:
if VRR = 1: VREF = (VR<3:0>/24) x VDD
if VRR = 0: VREF = (VDD x 1/4) + (VR<3:0>/32) x VDD

To make it work better you have to consider a fixed voltage ref.

#### alexxx

The below image is from LM358 datasheet. It explains how can you achieve your goal, but have in mind that R2>>R1.

Hope that helped.

speedEC

### speedEC

Points: 2

#### speedEC

##### Full Member level 6
alexxx, Already I have tried with this. But, wrong result I get. That is, I connected RA1(through voltage divider) to RB3 pin (Output - LED Connected to this pin). If I am wrong pl update me.

thanks
pmk

---------- Post added at 17:37 ---------- Previous post was at 17:36 ----------

I have tried with 22k, 47K. RA1 to RB3. But I receive wrong result.

#### alexxx

speedEC said:
I have tried with 22k, 47K. RA1 to RB3. But I receive wrong result.

If R2 is not very much bigger than R1, the possitive feedback effects will become stronger. Ideally to have a comparator you need an open switch feedback. So try something like R2=470K, R1=1K, make sure that it is working as comparator first, and then experiment with resistor values to achieve the threshold you need.

#### cent24.3

##### Member level 2
I don't know if you've understood what I was trying to point out. :-?

No matter the hysteresis, no matter the circuit you are going to use, the most important is the reference voltage your are comparing the battery voltage with. It has to be a fixed one (not varying with the battery voltage).

In brief it's hard to compare two things that are varying the same way. Your can use a voltage reference like a **broken link removed** (an Ultra-Low-Power Precision Series Voltage Reference) or what you want else.

#### speedEC

##### Full Member level 6
Hi cent24.3, I understand what you are saying. Thanks for your response to my query. But, I try to eliminate the componenets as much as possible to reduce the circuit size, cost and also power consumption. Because, I am going to run this circuit only using 3.6v, 1500 mAh NiMH Battery. So, power consumption is most critical. Thats why, I preferred to use on-chip comparator provided on PIC16F628A IC. Previously (also still), I have used LM358IC for this purpose. It takes high current.

The following is the code I written to compare voltage of battery with Vref (Internal). But, I have calculated the Vref as follows and compare the input on AN1 (using Voltage divider).

View attachment COMPARATOR_PIC16F628A_EdaBoard.bmp

Code:
#include <htc.h>

__CONFIG(XT & WDTDIS & PWRTDIS & BORDIS & LVPDIS & UNPROTECT & MCLRDIS);

#define BATT_STATUS_HIGH C2OUT
#define BATT_LOW_LED RB3
void delay_ms(unsigned int duration){ // delay in miliseconds for 4.0MHZ crystal
unsigned int i;
for(;duration!=0;duration--)
{
for(i=0;i<=50;i++)
{
_asm
nop
nop
nop
_endasm
}
_asm
nop
nop
_endasm
}
}

void main(void){

CMCON = 0b00100101; //select mode 7 (101)
VRCON = 0b11101101; // setting Voltage refernce for 1.93v
// to select 13
delay_ms(1000); // 1 sec delay

TRISA = 0b11111111;
TRISB = 0b00000000;
PEIE = 1; // Enable Pheriperal Interrupts
GIE = 1; // setting GLOBAL Interrupts
ei(); // enable all Interrupts

while (1){
BATT_LOW_LED = !BATT_STATUS_HIGH;
delay_ms(1000); // 1 sec delay
CMCON;    //Read CMCON to clear mismatch condition
CMIF = 0; // clear CMCON Flag
CMIE = 1; //Enable Comparator Interrupt
SLEEP();
}
}

#### speedEC

##### Full Member level 6
Everything seems working fine except LED lit lightly when voltages not equal (It should be OFF). Any help would be highly appreciated and thank full.

Thanks
pmk

---------- Post added at 14:06 ---------- Previous post was at 13:51 ----------

If R2 is not very much bigger than R1, the possitive feedback effects will become stronger. Ideally to have a comparator you need an open switch feedback. So try something like R2=470K, R1=1K, make sure that it is working as comparator first, and then experiment with resistor values to achieve the threshold you need.

I have read Microchip document and it says in order to solve hysteresis problem it recommends 39K (If 10K and 8K2 combination voltage divider used).

from the datasheet:
Example:
• A VDD = 5.0V, VH = 3.0V and VL = 2.5V
• VAVG = 2.77V
• R = 8.2k and R2 = 10k, gives a VAVG = 2.75V
• REQ = 4.5k
• DR = .1
• R3 = 39k (40.5 calculated)
• VHACT = 2.98V
• VLACT = 2.46V

For your information, I have used solder board. May that could be a problem?

thanks
pmk

Last edited:

#### cent24.3

##### Member level 2
Hi speedEC, in your source code in comment it's written :
VRCON = 0b11101101; // setting Voltage refernce for 1.93v

It's not 1.93v, it's 13/24 of Vdd.
If Vdd is 3.6v then Vref is 1.95v, if Vdd is decreasing to 3.3v (for example) then Vref is 1.79v.

If I understand what you are trying to do, you want to compare this voltage with the battery voltage via a voltage divider made of resistors (like the schematic). If I'm right you are going to compare two voltage that are varying EXACTLY the same way...

That's what I was trying to point out.

And for the power consideration the MAX6029 needs only 5.25μA (max), it's far less than the pic.

Any way else, to create an hysteresis with the pic you just have to change the VR value when the comparator triggers.

ps: in your program you are enabling interrupt but you have no interrupt routine.

speedEC

### speedEC

Points: 2

#### speedEC

##### Full Member level 6
Thanks cent24.3,

Any way else, to create an hysteresis with the pic you just have to change the VR value when the comparator triggers.

Can you pl explain this?

ps: in your program you are enabling interrupt but you have no interrupt routine.

Yes. I have not used Interrupt routine. because I have to use loops (to tell the user about the LOW BATTERY Level thro' beep sound with specified interval using timer0) in my next step and to avoid loops inside the ISR i have not used ISR in my code.

Thanks
pmk

#### cent24.3

##### Member level 2
So, even if I think what you are trying to do is nonsense. I can explain these points.

1)
Create an hysteresis by changing VR

In your case you have set de Vref to 13/24 of vdd.
If the external voltage on AN1 decreases under this value the comparator detect that transition A (Vin- < Vin+).
In your program, when the comparator detect a transition A, it changes the Vref value to 14/24 of Vdd (for exemple).
Then after that, if the voltage on AN1 increase, it has to rise 14/24 of Vdd to be detected as a transition B (Vin- > Vin+) by the comparator.
In your program, when the comparator detect a transition B, it changes back the Vref value to 13/24 of Vdd (the initial value).
Like this you've created an hysteresis of 1/24 of Vdd.

2)
You must not enable interrupt if you don't have an ISR (that's probably what leads the strange behaviour of your program) .
I think, in your case you just have to poll the C2OUT bit.
But with that I think you are not very familiar with pic programming, I suggest you to read carefully the datasheet.

Last edited:

#### speedEC

##### Full Member level 6
I have solved the problem. I have used feedback resistor of 22 K between RA1 and RA2 pins. Everything works fine when I tried on PCB. Before, I used solder board. That might be a problem I think.

---------- Post added at 01:29 ---------- Previous post was at 01:26 ----------

Also as cent24.3 suggested, I have used LM2941T IC for supplying power to PIC MCU for constant power supply of +5v. Previously, I have not used this IC for testing on Solder Board. This could also be a problem.

thanks to all who helped to solve the issue.

Status
Not open for further replies.