There are types which are clockwork, you wind up a spring and an escape mechanism ticks as it slowly releases the tension and there are types with a small motor that gradually moves the setting to zero. The place to look is in a domestic appliance supplier as they are still widely used in cookers and microwave ovens.
If you need accurate timing, consider a potentiometer hooked up to the ADC input of a small MCU and use the measurement to set a software timer. You can use another pin to switch the load or drive a relay.
Brian.