What type of adapter? Is the card physically small therefore it needs an adapter to fit a large slot in your computer?
Or does the adapter change format to USB? The usb driver in your computer must be compatible with the incoming data. Its method of reading the chip must interpret the layout of clusters, or tracks, sectors, etc.... Most likely you're familiar with the technical side of it.
The capability of your equipment depends on the year it was manufactured. Does any piece of your equipment use the protocol SDHC, an upgrade from SD?
This web discussion might be pertinent:
superuser.com/questions/1281776/why-do-some-usb-readers-have-issues-to-read-large-capacity-sd-cards/