Hi,
give all informations at once, not piece by piece.
Instead of responding to my post you just gave new specifications..
--> decide what reponse time you need
Your initial question is about reponse time.
--> then use the "response time chart" of post#1.
You clearly see: the lower the resistor the better (faster) the response time.
Obviously a 33k resistor makes it vvveeerrrryyy slow.
--> then select the resistor according your estimated reponse time.
****
Next step: input current.
From the chart in post#6 you see that IC is about IF / 30.
With an IF of 2mA you may expect an IC of 65uA only. (Generally expect lower speed with lower current)
Now multiply this value with your load resistor to get the voltage amplitude.
You will recognize you need any amplifier or comparator for a suitable output signal.
Or choose another optocoupler.
Klaus