opamp- integrator circuit

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electroboy

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hello... please see the below document... my question is "why Vo(0) is added in the expression ? " i cant understand clearly.. please help me soon .. thanks in advance..
 

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It is mentioned in the document: Vo(0) denotes intial voltage on the capacitor.
 

Hi,
I had a look at the doc you sent.
vo(0) should be the integration constant. From a maths point of view it is the constant you have to add to the solution after integrating a quantity. For example:
\int x= (x^2)/2 + const.
From a circuital point of view, vo(0) stands for the intial condition of your system.
I hope that's clear.
 

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