need advice on values in e(i), the BER curve

[sundar123]

value in e(i)

hi

can any body help me to clear me that why i am not getting different values in e(i)
because of which the BER curve is not showing properly

thanks .....code is given below


clear all;
N=10^4 %symbols
M=16; % for 16 qam
error=0;
count=1;
SNR1=[0:20];
a=SNR1/10;
SNR=10.^a;
% EbN0=20;
L=log2(M);% number of bits
bits=1000;

for i=1:length(SNR)
EbN0=SNR(i);

data=((sign(randn(N*L,1)+1))>0.5).'; % bit to send


tbl=[0;1];
for i=1L-1) tbl=[tbl zeros(length(tbl),1); flipud(tbl) ones(length(tbl),1)]; end;

tmp = sortrows([bi2de(tbl)'; [0 : M-1]]');
Reordering = tmp,2)';

Vals = [0:M-1];

Y= fix(Vals./sqrt(M)); % y=0:3 => row
% % counting forward for odd rows, backward for even rows
x = -sign(mod(Y,2)-0.5).*(bitand(Vals,sqrt(M)-1)*2+1-sqrt(M)); % x = +/- (0:3)*2+1-4
y = sqrt(M)-Y*2-1; % y = 4 - y*2-1
constellation = x + j*y; % constellation points % construct result
% scatterplot(constellation);

constellationpower = sqrt(mean(abs(constellation).^2)); % calculate average power
modulationconstellation= constellation(Reordering+1)/constellationpower;



EsN0 = EbN0 * L;


% needed to perform bi2de conversion
bpwr = (2.^(0L-1)));
% scale looked up modulated constellation index obtained by bi2de conversion

if ((mod(size(data,2),L)~=0) & (1))
data = [data zeros(1,L-mod(size(data,2),L))];
end;

z = sqrt(EsN0) * modulationconstellation( bpwr*reshape(data,L,size(data,2)/L) + 1 );
% noise
noise=1/sqrt(2)*(randn(1,length(z))+j*randn(1,length(z)));
h=1;
y=h*z+noise;%modulation

% demodulation
% getting index of a minimum value
for k=1:length
sig=y(k)*ones(M,1);
[m,index(k)]=min(sig-(h*sqrt(EsN0)*modulationconstellation.'));
end


% need to perform decimal to binary conversion

binary=(de2bi(index-1)).';
bitrcv=binary(; % bit recieved
data=data(;



% error=error+e;

%actually facing problem in this part
e(i) =length(find([data- bitrcv])); % finding errors...
end

BER=e/b;
close all;
figure

semilogy(SNR,BER,'mx-','LineWidth',2);
xlabel('SNR');
ylabel('Bit Error Rate');
title('Bit error probability curve for 16-QAM modulation');