Do not totally understand your sketch, but it seems in the right area. What I would do is to have a "peg" on the end of the bolt inside the lock. Use this peg to operate microswitches when bolt is in or out. Then with a couple of diodes and a an ordinary DC motor and gear box you just put power out, the motor runs until the bolt is home when the microswitch cuts of the DC power (the diode allows for the current to flow in the other direction). Reverse the DC polarity and the motor runs in the other direction until the other microswitch opens. This method overcomes counting the number of steps the stepper motor has to make to move the bolt, and what happens if its actual position and step number get out of sequence.
Frank