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"Easy CNC"
A Beginner's Guide to CNC
by: David Benson.
INTRODUCTION
For experimenter (hobbyist) or student
Overview of topics covered in book
Examples are 3-axis but ....
DIY, retrofitted, or factory-built machines
USING A COMPUTER
The basics
Copy or cut and paste
Software use instructions
Summary
CNC CONCEPTS
Toolpath
G-code
Axes, origin, and coordinates
Toolpath vs. cutter
Which direction relative to what?
Conventional vs. climb milling
Methodology
SOFTWARE
Overview
CNC software
Bit map draw programs
Vector draw programs
CAD programs
Converters
CAM
G-code interpreters
CNC MACHINE OPERATION
Generic CNC machine and G-code interpreter
On-screen user interface
Jogging
Rapid Height
Tool library
Running G-code files
E-Stop and Limit Switches
G-CODE
G-code commands and concepts
Rapid travel at maximum feed rate = jog
Current feed rate
Modal commands
Interpolation
Absolute coordinates
Driving the tip of the tool
Creating G-code using a text editor
Firing up a G-code interpreter to execute a G-code file
G-code examples
Setting up for experiments
Rapid travel at maximum feed rate = jog
Linear interpolation
Straight
Right angle
Diagonal
Circular interpolation
Circle, larger circle in XY plane
Arc in XY plane
Add Z axis
Arc
Circle
Arc using "r" value
Toolpath
Cut and paste
Programming style
Instruction placement
Comments
More complex moves
Upper/Lower case
Use of tabs
Line numbers
G-code generated by CAM programs
Complete command set
SCANNING AN IMAGE
Creating a bit map file
CREATING DRAWINGS
Basic concepts
Pencil Sketch
Draw programs
Vector vs bit map
CorelDraw Essentials
CAD programs
AutoSketch
File formats
Machining and woodworking
Art
Sign making
Printed circuit boards
USING A BIT MAP DRAW PROGRAM
CorelDRAW Essentials
Tools
Rectangle tool
Delete - procedure
Outline tool
Fill tool
Freehand tool
Shape tool
Text tool
Zoom tool
Moving the scales - procedure
Kidney example
Adots example
USING A BIT MAP IMAGE CONVERTER PROGRAM - BIT MAP TO G-CODE
Image file to G-code for engraving
Image manipulation
How images are converted by DeskCNC
Kidney - engrave using outline image
Engraving - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
Kidney - engrave using filled image
Kidney - contour using filled image
Contouring - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
Kidney - pocket using filled image
Pocketing - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
Adots examples
Adots - engrave
Adots - pocket the objects
Adots - pocket around the objects
Adots - carve
USING A CAD PROGRAM
CAD concepts
AutoSketch
Getting started with AutoSketch
Drawing size
Origin
Precision
Grid settings
Toolbar locations
All-In-One toolbar simplified
Snap modes toolbar simplified
Snap modes
Draw a straight line
How to delete an entity
Edit>Undo
Line width
Zoom tool
Moving the scales - procedure
Draw a rectangle
Draw a circle
Draw an arc
Trim options
Edge
Round (or fillet)
Bevel (or chamfer)
Trimming by defining a channel (object trim)
Offset and parallel entities
Angles - polar coordinates snap
Drawing off the grid
Picking off coordinates using the Inquire tool
Explode function
DXF file format
Examples
Link
Picking off link example coordinates
Rotor
Pulley
Routing curves
Vertex - based editing
Summary
USING A CAM PROGRAM - DXF TO G-CODE
DXF partial part drawing file to toolpaths and G-code
using DeskCNC
DeskCNC CAM features, definitions and use rules
Definitions
Rules and guidelines
Direction
Effect of direction on pocketing a single closed
region
Compensation for contouring operations
Conventional vs. climb milling
Tool size and X Y step over selections for
pocketing operations
Pocketing out to in vs. in to out
Select>Select Single
Two different directions - same part
Combining chunks of code - apend
Rules demonstration examples
Open region such as a straight line or an arc
One closed region such as a circle
Two closed regions, one inside the other
Three closed regions inside a fourth closed region
Four closed regions - floating
Three regions "concentric"
Practical Examples
Straight line
Milling
Plasma cutting
Arc
Circle
Contour - follow line, cut outside, cut inside
Pocket
Rough only, integral number of passes
Rough plus finishing pass
Square - contour outside
Single pass
Rough plus finish pass
Circle within a square - follow the lines
Circle within a square - contour inside the circle and
outside the square
Two directions
Circle within a square - pocket between
As is
Add finishing pass to pocket operation
Add contour pass around square to remove
corner projections
Drill four holes
Link - contour
Contour Z-step roughing vs. side of end mill
roughing.
Rotor - pocket
Pulley - cutouts
APPENDIX A - DeskCNC
DeskCNC modes
DeskCNC view controls
Art mode
Machine, Edit, and DXF modes
DeskCNC - viewing DXF file information on-screen
View - show directions
View - information tags
DeskCNC Tool Library
DeskCNC make a part procedure
DeskCNC view and edit G-code
APPENDIX B - OTHER BOOKS FROM SQUARE 1 ELECTRONICS
Easy Step'n
Future CNC Books
PIC? Microcontroller Books
APPENDIX C - SOURCES
Sources
can any bodu upload
"Easy CNC"
A Beginner's Guide to CNC
by: David Benson.
INTRODUCTION
For experimenter (hobbyist) or student
Overview of topics covered in book
Examples are 3-axis but ....
DIY, retrofitted, or factory-built machines
USING A COMPUTER
The basics
Copy or cut and paste
Software use instructions
Summary
CNC CONCEPTS
Toolpath
G-code
Axes, origin, and coordinates
Toolpath vs. cutter
Which direction relative to what?
Conventional vs. climb milling
Methodology
SOFTWARE
Overview
CNC software
Bit map draw programs
Vector draw programs
CAD programs
Converters
CAM
G-code interpreters
CNC MACHINE OPERATION
Generic CNC machine and G-code interpreter
On-screen user interface
Jogging
Rapid Height
Tool library
Running G-code files
E-Stop and Limit Switches
G-CODE
G-code commands and concepts
Rapid travel at maximum feed rate = jog
Current feed rate
Modal commands
Interpolation
Absolute coordinates
Driving the tip of the tool
Creating G-code using a text editor
Firing up a G-code interpreter to execute a G-code file
G-code examples
Setting up for experiments
Rapid travel at maximum feed rate = jog
Linear interpolation
Straight
Right angle
Diagonal
Circular interpolation
Circle, larger circle in XY plane
Arc in XY plane
Add Z axis
Arc
Circle
Arc using "r" value
Toolpath
Cut and paste
Programming style
Instruction placement
Comments
More complex moves
Upper/Lower case
Use of tabs
Line numbers
G-code generated by CAM programs
Complete command set
SCANNING AN IMAGE
Creating a bit map file
CREATING DRAWINGS
Basic concepts
Pencil Sketch
Draw programs
Vector vs bit map
CorelDraw Essentials
CAD programs
AutoSketch
File formats
Machining and woodworking
Art
Sign making
Printed circuit boards
USING A BIT MAP DRAW PROGRAM
CorelDRAW Essentials
Tools
Rectangle tool
Delete - procedure
Outline tool
Fill tool
Freehand tool
Shape tool
Text tool
Zoom tool
Moving the scales - procedure
Kidney example
Adots example
USING A BIT MAP IMAGE CONVERTER PROGRAM - BIT MAP TO G-CODE
Image file to G-code for engraving
Image manipulation
How images are converted by DeskCNC
Kidney - engrave using outline image
Engraving - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
Kidney - engrave using filled image
Kidney - contour using filled image
Contouring - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
Kidney - pocket using filled image
Pocketing - using DeskCNC G-code interpreter
Adots examples
Adots - engrave
Adots - pocket the objects
Adots - pocket around the objects
Adots - carve
USING A CAD PROGRAM
CAD concepts
AutoSketch
Getting started with AutoSketch
Drawing size
Origin
Precision
Grid settings
Toolbar locations
All-In-One toolbar simplified
Snap modes toolbar simplified
Snap modes
Draw a straight line
How to delete an entity
Edit>Undo
Line width
Zoom tool
Moving the scales - procedure
Draw a rectangle
Draw a circle
Draw an arc
Trim options
Edge
Round (or fillet)
Bevel (or chamfer)
Trimming by defining a channel (object trim)
Offset and parallel entities
Angles - polar coordinates snap
Drawing off the grid
Picking off coordinates using the Inquire tool
Explode function
DXF file format
Examples
Link
Picking off link example coordinates
Rotor
Pulley
Routing curves
Vertex - based editing
Summary
USING A CAM PROGRAM - DXF TO G-CODE
DXF partial part drawing file to toolpaths and G-code
using DeskCNC
DeskCNC CAM features, definitions and use rules
Definitions
Rules and guidelines
Direction
Effect of direction on pocketing a single closed
region
Compensation for contouring operations
Conventional vs. climb milling
Tool size and X Y step over selections for
pocketing operations
Pocketing out to in vs. in to out
Select>Select Single
Two different directions - same part
Combining chunks of code - apend
Rules demonstration examples
Open region such as a straight line or an arc
One closed region such as a circle
Two closed regions, one inside the other
Three closed regions inside a fourth closed region
Four closed regions - floating
Three regions "concentric"
Practical Examples
Straight line
Milling
Plasma cutting
Arc
Circle
Contour - follow line, cut outside, cut inside
Rough only, integral number of passes
Rough plus finishing pass
Square - contour outside
Single pass
Rough plus finish pass
Circle within a square - follow the lines
Circle within a square - contour inside the circle and
outside the square
Two directions
Circle within a square - pocket between
As is
Add finishing pass to pocket operation
Add contour pass around square to remove
corner projections
Drill four holes
Link - contour
Contour Z-step roughing vs. side of end mill
roughing.
Rotor - pocket
Pulley - cutouts
APPENDIX A - DeskCNC
DeskCNC modes
DeskCNC view controls
Art mode
Machine, Edit, and DXF modes
DeskCNC - viewing DXF file information on-screen
View - show directions
View - information tags
DeskCNC Tool Library
DeskCNC make a part procedure
DeskCNC view and edit G-code
APPENDIX B - OTHER BOOKS FROM SQUARE 1 ELECTRONICS
Easy Step'n
Future CNC Books
PIC? Microcontroller Books
APPENDIX C - SOURCES
Sources
