Hi,
What voltage do you get at the output with maybe a ~2k resistor as load? By calculations with 5k/330R it should be about ~20.7V. (Doesn't the bulb only need 12V and ~8.3A?...)
Unless I'm calculating something very incorrectly, I'd change the 10R, hopefully 830mV is more than enough to turn the BJT on, but the datasheet says 0.6V min > 1.8V max Vbe turn on. 2R2 would give 1.8V at 0.83A into the regulator. 2 would give 1.66V. 22R would give 0.081A through the regulator to make the BJT turn fully on and the rest pass through it.
If you have two voltmeters, you can measure the voltage across the base/input resistor and across some resistive load and see if there's any current moving.
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...What is/are 19V 5A? The transformer secondary AC voltage and the maximum current output from the transformer?