There are some common practices in circuit design.
These are often deploy without any further detail thoughts of the effectiveness.
It really depends on many factors.
All I can say is that when there is problem in the circuit,
there will still be a need to look into proper design.
After copying a number of circuits,
what I observed is as follows....
1. impedence matching
-I guess you mean line matching for high freq signal. I don't have much experience to comment on this point.
2. termination methods and where they should be used
-same as Q1
3. why/when you should need a dumping resistor
-depend on your circuit and what you want.
4. how to reduce the nosie at Vcc input of ICs
-normally 100nF capacitor is placed very close to the IC. depending on the source of the noise, you may need other solution.
5. the usage and methods of capcitors
-Capacitor is normally use to stablise voltage and as a filter. You can also view it as a component to remove or allow AC signal. Many use, depending on how you use it.
6. the reason why you need a pull-up or pulld down resistors..
-If it is possible that your circuit will cause an signal line floating
with no define voltage, and you don't want that to happen.
You may want to tied it to either Vcc or Gnd.
It may save you some power if you tied it correctly.
Depending on what you want, what you want to design.
Best Regards,
Siong Boon