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How do you define "good"? ESD is a boring, complicated subject. It depends on your device. It depends on your environment. It depends on cost. It depends on whether you are concerned with circuit upsets only, or damage.
There are standards that you can look at (ANSI S20.20, for example).
Hello
Yes, exactly. The choice of ESD depends on your design.
Operating temperature, cost, operating voltage, dimensions ....
But to protect against shocks, what matters most is the level of protection. Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4. (The protection varies in these standards.)
You obviously need to educate yourself about ESD; you apparently don’t even know the fundamentals. You‘re trying to put on the roof before you’ve built the foundation.
Hello
Yes. You need to read more. I will explain a little, but this is not complete.
To control and protect the circuits from overvoltage, one issue relates to the internal circuit. Example: Your board needs a 12-volt power supply. Insert a 12-zener diode at the input of the board's power supply terminal so that your board will not be damaged if the user mistakenly connects a voltage above 12 volts. (You even put a fuse to protect the current or a regulator to limit the voltage.)
The second issue is this: some overvoltages occur very quickly and with a high amplitude. Like body electricity! The same ones that appear in your jacket, which sparks and drains at home by touching the handle. This spark occurs very quickly and at very high voltages, so you can not use a zener diode, , and the only way is to use very fast and high voltage tolerant components.
(Remember, too, that you can't use a ESD protection shield instead of a zener diode.)
First, and key to it all, is that "we" don't always
get to say what's good (enough).
Manufactures internally will insist their products
can make it through the manufacturing line
all the way without creating yield fallout or
a population of "walking wounded" shipped
out, to become field returns later. This also
means "good enough" for customer IQC (if any).
Users of the parts similarly want their TV set
or whatever, to survive Stupid Consumer Abuse
testing at a bazillion different abuse-sites so
they don't eat a sub-bazillion warranty returns.
These will impose a higher standard on those
parts than simple "handling ESD" (HBM, MM).
Sometimes this even becomes a datasheet
and marketing call-out if it's advantageous.
See stuff like 8kV (with a newer-than-I-paid-
attention-to JEDEC or IEC spec) on things like
HDMI channel front end parts, anything that's
exposed to a connector pin).
Any and all of those parties, mentioned and
unmentioned, are all to happy to tell you to
go do stuff. And to demand more than they
really, absolutely need, which validating is on
you.
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