Hello,
A simple "surge limiter" often used in power electronics (e. g. VFD) is a series resistor shorted by a relay after a short delay. In your case, you could use a MOSFET switch with an RC delay circuit at the gate. As an advantage, this circuit would cause a very low voltage drop in normal operation.
A more simple option may be to ramp the motor voltage, respectively increase it in steps. At best, you should have a supply that has current limiting instead of overcurrent trip.
Regards,
Frank