Hi,
check:
* power supply
* reset
* uC clock frequency (in case you already selected it)
* programming clock (if you are not sure then try less than 100kHz)
clock:
The uC clock needs to be at least 4 x programming clock.
Worst case is if you accidentally selected an external clock or external clock circuitry (XTAL, RC...) but that doesn´t exist...
Then the uC in fact has no clock. It can´t respond to the programmer.
In this case you need to feed an external clock to the uC clock input. Just for the time you want to program it.
Then the programmer can communicate and you may correct clock setup fuses.
Klaus