Oh, where to begin.
You have replaced many, many turns of a very thin (i.e., high resistance) wire with a few turns of lower resistance wire. Just guessing, it looks like you've got a bobbin about an inch in diameter=> approximately 3.14 inch circumference. 100 turns would be about 314 inches (26 feet). 26AWG has a resistance of about 41 ohms per 1000 feet, so you've got about 1 ohms of resistance. You hooked this up to 12 volts, pumped 12 amps through that poor wire and then wonder why you had smoke? You should, instead, wonder why you didn't burn your house down. This is just basic ohms law. Maybe you should just go buy a new pump.