Antenna design with 'Air Substrate'

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huytergan

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I read a variety of articles that air substrate used instead of such as FR-4 to improve antenna parameters. Are there real 'air substrate' sold out by any company? How to realize them? or it's just for visual?
 

Plastic spacers (which are just plastic posts surrounded by air) are often used, but I've found that styrofoam has close enough properties to air to be reasonable substitute.
 

For higher frequencies you may try AFSIW / ESIW (air filled substrate integrated waveguide / empty SIW)
and RGW (ridge gap waveguide) based on mushroom-like structure (via + annular ring or square)
Then these structures may be coupled to patches or slots. For very wide bandwidth slots may have additional magneto-electric dipole structure on top.
Everything is made using standard PCB manufacturing technology. Additionally, there are recent studies on contactless AFSIW and waveguide transitions, which solves problem of non-perfect electrical contact in AFSIW layers.
 

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