about two axes of sun tracker without microcontroller

[choura]

please,

if some one give me enough explain about this schematic also what does all resistors of the schematic
diodes, the comparator and the variable resistor
everything can help to understand the schematic clearly enough
because i need this explaining in my project

 

[FvM]

I presume you understand about the function LDR half bridge in each axis. We can expect that both LDRs have same resistance in balanced state (correct tracking position) and also with diffuse lighting (no sun at the sky). In balanced statem both relays are off and the motor stops.

In unbalanced state, the comparators are either activating one or the other relay and drive the motor in the respective direction. With the variable resistor, you can adjust the dead band where no motor is activated.

By design, the circuit can't handle night time situations and most likely won't be able to ever find a tracking position after having lost it completely. So all in all, it can't work fully automated without operator attendance. The arrangement of LDRs decides about locking range of the design however

A real tracker will need limit switches not to damage the mechanics or twist cables. Clearly, all missing supplementary functions can be more easily implemented with an "intelligent" controller, e.g. a microprocessor.

what does all resistors of the schematic

Most of them serve a purpose, some can be omitted without disturbing the basic circuit function.

 

[choura]

i know the solar tracker using pic or microprocessor is better then the schematic given
if you have another example give it to me if you can but with simulation