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A LM555 has no demodulator function. I've been previously using LM567 as oscillator/synchronous demodulator in a single chip. It basically needs an additional transistor to drive the LED.
photodiode has the disadvantage of getting saturated because of sunlight you can use TSOP 1738 IR receiver, these are easily available & works at 38khz frequency
you can use 555 to generate a 38 khz modulated signal & receive the signal using TSOP 1738 but the only drawback is the the receiver gives just single low pulse when 38khz is received so you will have to turn ON/OFF the modulated signal so you get a continuous low signal from the receiver
A remote control receiver isn't well suited to get a defined sensitivity, you have no option to adjust the proximity switch. But for applications, that require maximum sensitivity only, this isn't an issue.
Generally any receiver get's saturated at a certain DC light intensity. I'm not sure, if an remote control receiver can operate with direct sunlight exposure, but it ís basically possible with a photodiode, if necessary. A photodiode with ambient light filter (as the remote control receivers also have) will already absorb a large part of sunlight intensity. Unfortunately, incandescent lamps are scarcely filtered, they are very likely to saturate a remote control receiver if strong enough.
In this case you do not tune the sensitivity of the receiver instead you change the intensity of the receiver according to your requirement
i have used the remote control receiver & it works really gr8 even in broad daylight & even the incandescent lamps doesn't effect it. I used it in robotics for obstacle detection bcoz of which the obstacle detection section works really fine all the time as the ambient light doesn't affect it that much.
ir resiever is good variant but it sense in to long range i need to sense in 2-3inch i saw variant with 2 IR LED one rx, and one TX and OmAmp
i saw other variant with ir resiever on 40Khz , they modulated signal for IR led on ~38Khz and the range go down /i think the resiever get more errors /
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