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In both cases same information to be sent is transmitted by multiple antennas,
In open loop no feedback is provided to at transmit side and in closed loop a feedback is made available at transmit side to further enhance the diversity efficiency.
By open loop, we mean those transmission schemes without knowing channel knowledge at the transmitter, for example, Alamouti scheme.
On the other hand, close loop schemes rely on channel knowledge, be it partial or full, at the transmitter. With channel knowdge, more advanced tranmission scheme can be implemented and achieves better performance. For example, with full channel state information, transmitter beamforming is possible. In general, channel knowledge is feed back from receiver in frequency-division-duplex systems or by reciprocity due to time-division-duplex systems.
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