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Diplexer: can handle two diferent frequencies, just when
you use it to couple a single antenna to two or more transmitters
of different frequencies.
Act more like a combiner of different frequencies.
when receiving the diplexer separates the two frequencies
just like having two filters in parallel
Ex: cable and antenna combiner/splitter
Duplexer: can handle one single frequency, just when
used to couple a receiver and a transmitter of the same
frequency to a single antenna.
Act more like a circulator
In transmission the signal does not goes to the receiving path
just to the antenna. In receiving the signal does not go to the
transmiting path.
Example: Radar, same frequency but needs separation of
receiving path and transmiting path while using the same antenna.
So:
Diplexer = Combiner; two frequencies
Duplexer = Circulator; single frequency
some people call a duplexer a diplexer when use a "split". This is
not a duplexer. Esentially this is a diplexer with smal separation in
transmit and receive frequencies, they called this separation the "split"
Actually a duplexer can be two different frequencies too. In this case, one antenna is used for both transmit and receive at the same time. For example, you have a duplexer in your cell phone. In the case of radar, typically, the reciever is turned off during the transmit pulse.
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