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Driving Induction motor using TRIAC

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venkates2218

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triac.pngTriac_pcb.png

Code:
#define	XTAL_FREQ	20MHZ
#include <xc.h>
#include "delay.h"
#include "lcd.h"

// CONFIG1H
#pragma config OSC = HS         // Oscillator Selection bits (HS oscillator)
#pragma config FCMEN = OFF      // Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit (Fail-Safe Clock Monitor disabled)
#pragma config IESO = OFF       // Internal/External Oscillator Switchover bit (Oscillator Switchover mode disabled)

// CONFIG2L
#pragma config PWRT = ON       // Power-up Timer Enable bit (PWRT disabled)
#pragma config BOREN = OFF      // Brown-out Reset Enable bits (Brown-out Reset disabled in hardware and software)
#pragma config BORV = 3         // Brown Out Reset Voltage bits (Minimum setting)

// CONFIG2H
#pragma config WDT = OFF        // Watchdog Timer Enable bit (WDT disabled (control is placed on the SWDTEN bit))
#pragma config WDTPS = 32768    // Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits (1:32768)

// CONFIG3H
#pragma config CCP2MX = PORTC   // CCP2 MUX bit (CCP2 input/output is multiplexed with RC1)
#pragma config PBADEN = OFF     // PORTB A/D Enable bit (PORTB<4:0> pins are configured as digital I/O on Reset)
#pragma config LPT1OSC = OFF    // Low-Power Timer1 Oscillator Enable bit (Timer1 configured for higher power operation)
#pragma config MCLRE = ON       // MCLR Pin Enable bit (MCLR pin enabled; RE3 input pin disabled)

// CONFIG4L
#pragma config STVREN = OFF      // Stack Full/Underflow Reset Enable bit (Stack full/underflow will cause Reset)
#pragma config LVP = OFF        // Single-Supply ICSP Enable bit (Single-Supply ICSP disabled)
#pragma config XINST = OFF      // Extended Instruction Set Enable bit (Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode disabled (Legacy mode))

// CONFIG5L
#pragma config CP0 = OFF        // Code Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) not code-protected)
#pragma config CP1 = OFF        // Code Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) not code-protected)
#pragma config CP2 = OFF        // Code Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) not code-protected)
#pragma config CP3 = OFF        // Code Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) not code-protected)

// CONFIG5H
#pragma config CPB = OFF        // Boot Block Code Protection bit (Boot block (000000-0007FFh) not code-protected)
#pragma config CPD = OFF        // Data EEPROM Code Protection bit (Data EEPROM code-protected)

// CONFIG6L
#pragma config WRT0 = OFF       // Write Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) not write-protected)
#pragma config WRT1 = OFF       // Write Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) not write-protected)
#pragma config WRT2 = OFF       // Write Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) not write-protected)
#pragma config WRT3 = OFF       // Write Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) not write-protected)

// CONFIG6H
#pragma config WRTC = OFF       // Configuration Register Write Protection bit (Configuration registers (300000-3000FFh) not write-protected)
#pragma config WRTB = OFF       // Boot Block Write Protection bit (Boot block (000000-0007FFh) not write-protected)
#pragma config WRTD = OFF       // Data EEPROM Write Protection bit (Data EEPROM not write-protected)

// CONFIG7L
#pragma config EBTR0 = OFF      // Table Read Protection bit (Block 0 (000800-001FFFh) not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR1 = OFF      // Table Read Protection bit (Block 1 (002000-003FFFh) not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR2 = OFF      // Table Read Protection bit (Block 2 (004000-005FFFh) not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)
#pragma config EBTR3 = OFF      // Table Read Protection bit (Block 3 (006000-007FFFh) not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)

// CONFIG7H
#pragma config EBTRB = OFF      // Boot Block Table Read Protection bit (Boot block (000000-0007FFh) not protected from table reads executed in other blocks)

#define relay_1 PORTDbits.RD0  /*Output control*/

#define triac_1 PORTDbits.RD3  /*Output control*/
#define triac_2 PORTCbits.RC5

void System_init(void) {

    TRISA = 0b00000011;
    PORTA = 0b00000011;

    ADCON1 = 0XFF;
    CMCON = 0X07;


    TRISB = 0b11111111;
    PORTB = 0b11111111;

    TRISC = 0b00000000;
    PORTC = 0b00000000;

    TRISD = 0b00000000;
    PORTD = 0b00000000;

    TRISE = 0X00;
    PORTE = 0X00;
}

void main(void) {

    System_init();
    lcd_init(); //LCD initialize

    lcd_clear();
    lcd_goto(1, 1);
    lcd_puts("Test_1");

    while (1) {
        relay_1 = 1;
        DelayMs(300);
        DelayMs(300);
        DelayMs(300);

        while (1) {
            triac_2 = 0;
            DelayMs(50);
            triac_1 = 1;


            DelayMs(300);
            DelayMs(300);
            DelayMs(300);

            triac_1 = 0;
            DelayMs(50);
            triac_2 = 1;

            DelayMs(300);
            DelayMs(300);
            DelayMs(300);
        }
    }
}

The induction motor is 230VAC with BIDIRECTIONAL operation and consuming 2A current.It having three wire 1.NEUTRAL,2.CLOCKWISE,3.ANTICLOCKWISE.
An capacitor with 15uF is connected across 2 and 3 wire.

I have to drive the motor in both direction for mixing purpose.

When I connected an induction bulb to check the operation of the TRIAC it working fine.But When I connect the motor means after few revolution,the TRIAC is burned out.

Replaced the both TRAIC and OPTOCOUPLER along with the defective one.but facingthe same issue...
 

Inductive load without suitable RC snubber is likely to cause self turn-on of triac and opto-triac. If it happens that both triacs are turned on, the motor capacitor surge current can easily destroy it. Another possible issue is that self turn-on respectively failing commutation can feed DC voltage to the motor and cause high currents.

See https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/AN-3008.pdf.pdf
 

Inductive load without suitable RC snubber is likely to cause self turn-on of triac and opto-triac. If it happens that both triacs are turned on, the motor capacitor surge current can easily destroy it. Another possible issue is that self turn-on respectively failing commutation can feed DC voltage to the motor and cause high currents.

See https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/AN-3008.pdf.pdf

Another possible issue is that self turn-on respectively failing commutation can feed DC voltage to the motor and cause high currents.

Can you explain this line please.
 

That's a MOV+cap combination, not a RC snubber. Please review also the circuit suggestions in AN3008 for trigger circuit RC filter.
 

That's a MOV+cap combination, not a RC snubber. Please review also the circuit suggestions in AN3008 for trigger circuit RC filter.

or_pcb.png

I read the document which you refered.But I can't understand fully because i'm new to this.But still I'm trying and I will get the output from it.
But I have to complete the work,So please refer the circuit which is designed in original PCB.Is it correct.
 

please refer the circuit which is designed in original PCB.Is it correct.
Which circuit? The latest circuit in post #6 has triac MT1 and MT2 interchanged, not correct. The snubber circuit, MOV parallel to RC series circuit across triac main terminals is however useful. Can't say for sure if it solves the problems with inductive load.
 

Trail_2.png

Is this circuit is ok with specified values..?
 

The R value is reasonable 2.2nF. Y2 capacitor won't give much snubber effect, better use X capacitor with 47 nF or 100 nF capacitance.

- - - Updated - - -

A circuit that I used in many designs

Triac w. snubber.PNG
 

The R value is reasonable 2.2nF. Y2 capacitor won't give much snubber effect, better use X capacitor with 47 nF or 100 nF capacitance.

- - - Updated - - -

A circuit that I used in many designs

View attachment 150759

47N X 2 means have t use two capacitors..?

- - - Updated - - -

47N X 2 means have t use two capacitors..?

trail_3.png

Quatter watt resistor is enable for this..?
Shall I use MOV along with this circuit or not necessary...
 
Last edited:

Can you update,is their any changes in this circuit please..?
 

Hi,

47N X 2 means have t use two capacitors..?
No.

"X2" is the safety compliance of the 47n capacitor.

Klaus
 

Hi,

quarter watt resistor is enough for this operation...

Shall I include MOV or nor necessary..?

Quarter watt: I didn't read them....but I expect the MOC datasheet or MOC application notes tell you.
Take care about the voltage rating, too.

MOV: this problem isn't new, thus you should try to look for informations in the Triac datasheet, application notes, forum threads...
At least this is where I'd look first.

Klaus
 

quarter watt resistor is enough for this operation...
I have used 1/4 W metal film resistors (0207 axial package) and 1/2 W in more rugged designs.

Shall I include MOV or nor necessary..?
Not absolutely necessary.
 

I have used 1/4 W metal film resistors (0207 axial package) and 1/2 W in more rugged designs.


Not absolutely necessary.



The diagram posted in post#13 is ok...?
Same as you given...

Is it ok..?
 

For clarification i'm asking,in the document which you provided about snubber,in many circuits they used the RC across the TRIAC,but here we are taking an tap after RESISTOR.
What's the difference between RC across TRIAC and taking TAPPING after RESISTOR..?
 

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