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MCU GPIO model. Why the need for dual diodes

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faisal78

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Hi
In reference to a typical MCU GPIO model today, it seems that many if not all manufacturers would implement a diode to VCC and another diode to VSS on all GPIO inputs.
See image for reference example on Rasberry Pi.


raspberry-pi-circuit-gpio-input-pins.jpg

1. It seems logical that these diode were implemented for ESD protection reasons. However, in a ESD event, the lower diode would be in conduction to from the input pin to VSS.
I don't see the reason for the diode on the upper VDD side?
Can somebody shed some light?

2. How would a signal overshoot and undershoot behave in this GPIO model. I don't see how a short few ns of undershoot of <-0.7v would cause any damage to the IO.
Please help.
 

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