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I made an electromagnet in hopes I could re-vitalize the magnet in a D'Arsonval meter movement (it was several percent low).
I wrapped a long length of magnet wire around a steel rod. I applied 12V battery power. It drew several amps.
It was strong but not as strong as it needed to be. If connected longer than a few seconds, it started heating up.
You do not need 800 amps. And you probably don't need mains power. Even if you use mains AC, you must run it through a diode rated for the amount going through the wire.
Consider trying this experiment, since your post implies you have gained access to the speaker magnet. (If you don't have access then you'll need to cut a hole in the center dome. Later you'll glue on a paper cap.)
Attach a strong magnet to the existing weak magnet. Such as a neodymium type. It should be just small enough to fit under the voice cone.
Per diagram:
The N-S poles will be additive.
It will be tricky to maneuver the new magnet to the proper polarity and the proper position.
You must be careful to prevent the magnet from jumping out of your fingers. If it impacts metal it could shatter. You don't want particles getting into the space around the voice coils.
All technical permanent magnets are "charged" (magnetized) in a similar way. In contrast to some more speculative contributions in this thread, designing a magnetizing unit would start with an exact calculation of the magnetic circuit, required field strength and pulsed power supply.
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