[PIC] PIC18F4550 unable to do per-byte addressing (mikroC PRO)

K33rg4t3 · Oct 4, 2015

Hey
I have a strange issue.
Take a look:

Code:

typedef struct 
{
       char data[4];
} TEST;

void doTest(char *data)
{
        char txt[64];
        TEST *p;

        UART1_Write(data); // writes ABC

      p = (TEST*)data;
      sprintf(txt,"%c %c",p->data[0], p->data[1]);
      UART1_Write(txt); // writes A C !!
     
}

Why am I having such strange issues with struct member access? I don't know what's wrong...
BTW: sizeof(TEST) = 4 ...

xenos · Oct 4, 2015

Why you use stack to allocate 64 bytes of char? This is an 8bit processor with limited capabilities.
sprintf is also a heavy function that need enough stack. It may corrupt it, so txt will contain garbage.

Put complete code (how is the doTest called?)

Easyrider83 · Oct 4, 2015

It is very bad practice for such type conversion.
p.data = data; - this way is correct
Also, be carefull with sizeof() macros. Never use it in routine where target array not declared.

K33rg4t3 · Oct 4, 2015

The code is very long and includes USB stuff and such, but what I am basically trying to do is:

Code:

typedef struct 
{
         char engineRight;
         char engineLeft;
         char rotorA;
         char rotorB;
} MyState;

void OnNewState(char *data)
{
      char r, l, a, b;
      // the data contents are OK here, I have tested it with UART
      UART_Write(data);

      // here is bug...
      MyState *p = data;
      r = p->engineRight;
      l = p->engineLeft;
      a = p->rotorA;
      b = p->rotorB;
      // and now you see, using p->engineLeft is returning bad value for me...

       // rest of the code is not important
      //SetEngineLeft(r);
}

I've used structs in desktrop C for very long time and didn't had such issues....

xenos · Oct 4, 2015

Did it work in desktop PC without using

Code:

#pragma pack(1)

????
hmmm strange....

I cannot help you without the call of the function and the data allocation and filling before the call.

FvM · Oct 5, 2015

There's no way how the elements of a character array would be word aligned. In so far #pragma pack(1) shouln't be necessary with any compiler. MikroC doesn't provide it anyway.

Looks simply like a MikroC bug.

xenos · Oct 5, 2015

@FvM I am talking about struct:

Code:

typedef struct 
{
         char engineRight;
         char engineLeft;
         char rotorA;
         char rotorB;
} MyState;

in a desktop PC.
I doubt that it works without pragma pack.

Thread initiator, tries to pass a character array in a 4 bytes structure.
I am not convinced that the character array data are sequencial printable chars (eg. could be NUL char that the uart write function simply ignores).
Yes MicroC sucks but it would be trivial to have a look at this char array that is passed to the function before I put a blame on microC.

Aussie Susan · Oct 5, 2015

Not used this myself, but using Google, I see the "UARTx_write" function is used to send a single byte to the UART (https://www.mikroe.com/download/eng/documents/compilers/mikroc/pro/pic/help/uart_library.htm).
Therefore I would call into question the way it is being used in the code from the OP.
Further, if it actually supposed to write a character string (which the referenced document calls '"UARTx_write_text") then it would need a null terminator which is may or may not have when passed the struct.
How is the 'doTest' function begin called?
Susan

K33rg4t3 · Oct 5, 2015

Sorry guys, but the previous snippets were pseudocode.

I have made a real test case now, please take a look and refer only to this:

Code:

typedef struct {
        char a;
        char b;
        char c;
        char d;
} TestStruct;

typedef struct {
        char arr[4];
} TestStruct2;
void main(void){
     TestStruct *ptr;
     TestStruct2 *ptr2;
     char buffer[64] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 0 };
     char txt[64];
     

     ADCON1 |= 0x0F;                         // Configure all ports with analog function as digital
     CMCON  |= 7;                                  // Disable comparators

     // 25 is TX, 26 is RX
     UART1_Init(300);

     while(1)
     {
           Delay_ms(1000);
           sprintf(txt,"Sizeof struct is %i\n\r",sizeof(TestStruct));
           UART1_Write_Text(txt);
           Delay_ms(1000);
           ptr = (TestStruct*)buffer;
           sprintf(txt,"Members: a %c, b %c, c %c, d %c\n\r",ptr->a,ptr->b,ptr->c,ptr->d);
           UART1_Write_Text(txt);
           Delay_ms(1000);
           ptr2 = (TestStruct2*)buffer;
           sprintf(txt,"Array in struct: [0] %c, [1] %c, [2] %c, [3] %c\n\r",ptr2->arr[0],ptr2->arr[1],ptr2->arr[2],ptr2->arr[3]);
           UART1_Write_Text(txt);
           Delay_ms(1000);
           sprintf(txt,"Raw: %s\n\r",buffer);
           UART1_Write_Text(txt);
     }
     
}

Screenshot from my IDEs (Pickit2 programmer, mikroC IDE, and RealTerminal for debugging):

Config bits (but I think they are unrelated to the problem):

IDE version:

The output:

Code:

Raw: ABCD                                 
Sizeof struct is 4                             
Members: a A, b C, c , d         
Array in struct: [0] A, [1] C, [2] , [3]

Please help, as you see, in both cases (struct with separate four "char" members and struct with char arr[4] member) the second member is 'C', but it should be 'B'...)

xenos · Oct 5, 2015

I have some news for you that you (amond others) may not like.
I simplified and decresed size of code and MicroC works correctly:

Code:

typedef struct {
        char a;
        char b;
        char c;
        char d;
} TestStruct;

typedef struct {
        char arr[4];
} TestStruct2;


void dbg(char index,char a,char b,char c,char d){
//        UART_Write(a);
  //      UART_Write(b);
    //    UART_Write(c);
      //  UART_Write(d);
        //UART_Write('\n');
        _asm nop;
}

void main(void){
     TestStruct *ptr;
     TestStruct2 *ptr2;
     char buffer[5] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 0 };

     ADCON1 |= 0x0F;                         // Configure all ports with analog function as digital
     CMCON  |= 7;                                  // Disable comparators

     // 25 is TX, 26 is RX
     //UART1_Init(300);

     while(1)
     {
           Delay_ms(1000);
           dbg(1,'s','z',' ',sizeof(TestStruct)+'0');
           Delay_ms(1000);
           ptr = (TestStruct*)buffer;
           dbg(2,ptr->a,ptr->b,ptr->c,ptr->d);
           Delay_ms(1000);
           ptr2 = (TestStruct2*)buffer;
           dbg(3,ptr2->arr[0],ptr2->arr[1],ptr2->arr[2],ptr2->arr[3]);
           Delay_ms(1000);
           dbg(4,buffer[0],buffer[1],buffer[2],buffer[3]);
     }
}

Results:

Both redefinitions to structs defined works well.

So what is the problem?
One of the bellow (I can narrow down, but I'd rather not):
a) you use too much stack!!! I am not sure if microC can handle it.
b) sprintf takes a lot of stack too. Remove it and will help a lot.
c) you have not bought microC. The cracked version ON PURPOSE swaps assembly code pieces to produce strange results.

K33rg4t3 · Oct 5, 2015

Thank you for in-depth test, but you have omitted one thing.

I have also used debugger now, here is my code:

Code:

typedef struct {
        char a;
        char b;
        char c;
        char d;
} TestStruct;

typedef struct {
        char arr[4];
} TestStruct2;
void dbg(char a, char b, char c, char d)
{
 _asm nop;
}
void main(void){
     TestStruct *ptr;
     TestStruct2 *ptr2;
     char buffer[64] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 0 };
     char txt[64];
     char a, b, c, d;

     ADCON1 |= 0x0F;                         // Configure all ports with analog function as digital
     CMCON  |= 7;                                  // Disable comparators

     // 25 is TX, 26 is RX
     UART1_Init(300);

     while(1)
     {
           ptr = (TestStruct*)buffer;
           // OK -  a, b, c, d are 'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D'
           a = ptr->a;
           b = ptr->b;
           c = ptr->c;
           d = ptr->d;
           // OK: variables in function are  'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D'
           dbg(a,b,c,d);
           // ERROR: txt contents are A,C, garbage...
           sprintf(txt,"%c%c%c%c\n\r",a,b,c,d);
     }
}

Results: only the sprintf output is broken, which is stored in txt variable value.
And you didn't test sprintf.
Can you also test sprintf function?

Here is the screenshot from debugger:

FvM · Oct 5, 2015

Results: only the sprintf output is broken, which is stored in txt variable value.

Suggests that the problem hasn't anything to do with structures or arrays. It would be approriate to mention the mikroC version. Are you running the latest version?

xenos · Oct 5, 2015

microC with sprintf exceeds demo limit (2Kbytes) so I cannot test.

mplab 8.6x with mcc18 demo works fine:

- - - Updated - - -

K33rg4t3 said:
View attachment 122055

As I can see you still use 128 bytes of stack in txt and buffer arrays. Try to reduce it to absolutely necessary...and see what happens

K33rg4t3 · Oct 5, 2015

Changed to 8 bytes, and the bug is still here.

I have really no idea what's wrong, maybe it's because I'm also including USB library?

- - - Updated - - -

FvM said:
Suggests that the problem hasn't anything to do with structures or arrays. It would be approriate to mention the mikroC version. Are you running the latest version?

please take a look at the IDEs screenshot, here is the version

xenos · Oct 5, 2015

Why don't you ask them...https://www.mikroe.com/ ???

K33rg4t3 · Oct 6, 2015

xenos said:
Why don't you ask them...https://www.mikroe.com/ ???

My topic is already there.... and it was already there when you asked.

Is there any sprintf alternative in mikroC?

xenos · Oct 6, 2015

There are a lot of sprintf versions (open source), eg https://www.opensource.apple.com/source/ruby/ruby-83.4/ruby/sprintf.c
Of course you will need to port to this non ansi-non standard horrible semi-C compiler.

As I said sprintf is a heavy function, why you have to use it and don't use your own formatted output producing functions?

FvM · Oct 6, 2015

Won't multiple sprintf() calls solve the problem?

Code:

sprintf(txt,"%c%",a);
sprintf(strend(txt),"%c",b);
sprintf(strend(txt),"%c",d);
sprintf(strend(txt),"%c\n\r",d);

K33rg4t3 · Oct 6, 2015

FvM said:
Won't multiple sprintf() calls solve the problem?

Code:

sprintf(txt,"%c%",a); sprintf(strend(txt),"%c",b); sprintf(strend(txt),"%c",d); sprintf(strend(txt),"%c\n\r",d);

It works:

Code:

typedef struct {
        char a;
        char b;
        char c;
        char d;
} TestStruct;

typedef struct {
        char arr[4];
} TestStruct2;
void dbg(char a, char b, char c, char d)
{
 _asm nop;
}
char * strend(char *p)
{
 while(*p)
 p++;
 return p;
}
void main(void){
     TestStruct *ptr;
     TestStruct2 *ptr2;
     char buffer[8] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 0 };
     char txt[8];
     char a, b, c, d;

     ADCON1 |= 0x0F;                         // Configure all ports with analog function as digital
     CMCON  |= 7;                                  // Disable comparators

     // 25 is TX, 26 is RX
     UART1_Init(300);

     while(1)
     {
           ptr = (TestStruct*)buffer;
           // OK -  a, b, c, d are 'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D'
           a = ptr->a;
           b = ptr->b;
           c = ptr->c;
           d = ptr->d;
           // OK: variables in function are  'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D'
           dbg(a,b,c,d);
// FvM work around
         sprintf(txt,"%c%",a);
        sprintf(strend(txt),"%c",b);
        sprintf(strend(txt),"%c",c);
        sprintf(strend(txt),"%c\n\r",d);
     }
     
}

- - - Updated - - -

.. but I want a real solution to the problem, not a work-around

FvM · Oct 6, 2015

...but I want a real solution to the problem, not a work-around

No problem, get the bug fixed by mikroE or use a industry-standard PIC compiler, e.g. XC8.

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[PIC] PIC18F4550 unable to do per-byte addressing (mikroC PRO)

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