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The DNL of an N-bit ADC/DAC is always defined from 1 to 2^N-1. There is no sense in calculating the DNL of code 0 since DNL(i) = [Vt(i)-Vt(i-1)]/LSB, where Vt(i) is the transition level voltage of code i.
Hi,
I am designing a microstrip monopole antenna for UHF RFID range. I trust the MoM S-Param results, but I need to validate the design also using FEM, considering that the radiation characteristics calculated by FEM are more trustable (because MoM considers the lateral extension of substrate...
I'm not acquainted with CST, but in HFSS you cannot do that (as far as I know). You need to fit the equivalent circuits from the Microstrip Antennas chapter in Balanis book (probably two RLC tanks regarding the two radiating edges) and then tune it using for example ADS, until it fits the...
Not sure I understood your question, but short-range tracking radar applications makes use of X-band range, that is 8-12 GHz. Just check your country regulations to make sure that there are not military constraints regarding some specific frequencies within this band.
Another simple example are old AM radios: that small loop antennas (remember that wavelength @ AM frequencies are gigantic) presents very low efficiency, but the transmitted powers are in the order of kW or MW, so it generally works. In general, receiving antennas have more degrees of freedom in...
That depends on the application. For example, if you want to design an antenna for a cell-phone tower application, you will need a omni-directional antenna. Hence, the gain will probably be small. A good way to estimate this is using the Friis transmission equation:
Pr =...
See, the left-handed inductance is actually given by the meander line (fig. 2(a) of the paper). The idea here is that that stub after meander line is so large that it acts as a short to ground (the capacitance between stub and ground is so high that at operating frequency it act as a SC). The...
ADVANCED RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS by Preradović is a good book. If you need the basics, I'd recommend ANTENNA THEORY, Balanis.
You should think the patch as a load with impedance Zpatch and match it with the lambda/4 line. Your reasoning is right, you calculate Zline = sqrt(Zpatch*50) and design a line with a width that corresponds to that impedance, and you will see that the matching will occur.
When in post-processing, go to the tab "Far Field Cut" and enable it. You can see the XY plane by choosing theta = 90º, for instance, or the YZ plane by choosing phi = 90º, and so on.
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