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Those closed form equations are constructed either from analytical solutions or numerical solutions.
For the former case, the derivation of analytical solutions always involves some assumptions, which can have significant discrepancy from the real world case, such as dielectric material...
Frankly speaking you don't need a high end 3-D tool like HFSS to design a transmission line. A better choice is to try a dedicated transmission line EM simulator. I would suggest using **broken link removed**, which can give you broadband solutions in a few seconds to at most one minute.
Those calculators are usually based on fixed formulas and only give you a rough estimate. I would suggest using a dedicated transmission line field solver like SEMSTRA **broken link removed**. It gives you much more accurate result in just a few seconds. You can also generate a circuit model for...
I would recommend **broken link removed**. In addition to calculating frequency-dependent RLCG, characteristic impedance, and S-parameters, it can also model dispersive dielectric substrate for a causal solution.
HFSS is a 3-D EM tool. If you just want to analyze a segment of microstrip line, a 2-D EM tool is much more efficient.
Try Transmatex: **broken link removed**
Meshing is not the single possible cause of inaccuracy.
To get better correlation, you need to make the simulation model as close to the real circuit as possible. Like the actual material parameters of dielectrics and metals, finite size of the board, and discontinuity around connectors. If...
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