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Recent content by blade88

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    Transistor as a switch: Continuously ON

    Hello, I want to use a transistor to act as a switch and send alarm signals. I want the transistor to be always ON and close whenever I receive an alarm. My question is will the transistor have any problem operating on this configuration for a long time? I expect that it will be ON for a long...
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    Transistor temperature accuracy when used as a sensor

    Hello, Thank you all for your replies. I have been testing an LM35 sensor and a common npn transistor. The difference in normal conditions is that the pnp transistor shows approximately ~3-4oC degrees more than LM35. When I heat them with a thermal source, I see that the common transistor...
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    Transistor temperature accuracy when used as a sensor

    Hello, I am using a BC547 transistor and a BC548 transistor as temperature sensors. I see that there is some deviation compared to air temperature, between 2-4 oC and that the temperature sometimes increases for ~4oC. Do you know the temperature accuracy of these transistors? Is there a way...
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    Relay continuously ON

    Hello, I have already tried that. However, the relay is connected to an alarm system, so this spike is recorded as an alarm. So, I was looking for some alternatives. Based on the above, it seems that the only other way is to completely replace the relay. Thank you
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    Relay continuously ON

    Hello all, I am using a relay OMRON G5V-2 that its datasheet states: Long-term Continuously ON Contacts Using the Relay in a circuit where the Relay will be ON continuously for long periods (without switching) can lead to unstable contacts because the heat generated by the coil itself will...
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    Simplification of Boolean Expression

    Hi, It's been a long time since I posted here. I solved it: F=A'BC'D+A'BCD'+AB'C'D+AB'CD'+ABCD= =(A'B+AB')C'D+(A'B+AB')CD'+ABCD= =(A'B+AB')(C'D+CD')+ABCD= =(A XOR B)(C XOR D)+ABCD Using Karnaugh Map, I should find F' using zeros in the table and I could find the same result. Thank you
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    VDSL2 frequency band plan vs attenuation

    Hello, I am reading about VDSL2 band plan here https://www.joepeesoft.com/Public/DSL_Corner/DSL_Spectra_VDSL2.html#BandPlanEUR_997 and I see that downstream uses lower frequencies than the upstream. However, the Upstream line attenuation seen in the router is lower than the downstream...
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    Simplification of Boolean Expression

    Hello, I am trying to simplify the following expression: F=A'BC'D+A'BCD'+AB'C'D+AB'CD'+ABCD However, the Karnaugh Map doesn't show any pairs of ones. Are there any suggestions? Thanks
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    Adaptive Coding and Modulation: Does the Bit rate change?

    Hi, In adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) the modulation and coding change, according to the channel conditions. As I understand, the useful information throughput is changed: when the channel is "bad", the coding bits increase and when the channel is "good", the coding bits decrease...
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    Frequency selectivity in LTI system

    Hi, I am considering a Linear Time Invariant (LTI) channel model and whether it causes time and frequency dispersion. Since, LTI systems don't introduce any new frequencies to the output, they don't cause frequency dispersion. But what about time dispersion? In wireless communications...
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    TCP congestion control Algorithm

    Hello, I solved an exercise regarding the TCP congestion control algorithm and I want your feedback because I have a few questions. The exercise says: Given that MSS(Maximum Segment Size)=2KBytes and the Congestion Window at the time of a timeout is CongWin=36KBytes, find CongWin after 5...
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    [SOLVED] Fourier transform of delta(9-5n)

    It seems like the problem is solved: The scaling property does not hold for discrete sequences, as I have in my exercises. Therefore, the correct solution for the discrete case is just with the exponential. Thank you for your help.
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    [SOLVED] Fourier transform of delta(9-5n)

    I am applying this property https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_delta_function#Scaling_and_symmetry where it seems that the number 5 should go into the denominator. Also, I computed the Fourier transofrm in Wolfram Alpha and got this result...
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    [SOLVED] Fourier transform of delta(9-5n)

    Hello, I solved an exercise, asking for the Fourier transform of the signal \[\delta(9-5n)\]. First, I changed the signal form: Because delta function is symmetric, I rewrote it as \[\delta(5n-9)\] and then I used the scale property: \[\delta(5(n-\frac{9 }{5 }))=\frac{1 }{5 }\delta(n-\frac{9...
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    Remove bias from equalizer

    Hello, How do we remove the bias from an equalizer, either time domain or frequency domain? Any code example would be useful to get the idea. Thank you in advance

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