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at high frequencies, the leads of the components exbit inductance. For the logic gates, if the transition are fast, so beacuse of inducatnce there will be drop across this which inturn will change according to switching.
In effect, the drop across the inductance which is in between chip ground pin and actual pcb ground changes causing the reference of th chip changing dynamically.
some times, because of this inductance there will be ringing ( unnecessary oscillations ) in the circuit......
I've already faced this problem. I had a bus connecting two ICs. This bus was carrying a very fast changing signal and data was not recognized correctly. The solution was to include a ground plane and make GND Pin (fom all ICs) connection to this plane as short as possible.
The most descriptive analogy to ground bounce is the dimming of lights when you switch on a motor - whenever you have GND bounce you'll also have an equivalent voltage sag. This change of reference induces noise in other signals.
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