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electromagnet and inductor experiment

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RITESH KAKKAR

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Hello,
I have purchase 30 gauge wire for testing experiment how electromagnet are build and inductor behave in circuits.
I have tested that i have taken Iron nail and covered d it with 10meter copper wire and test to build electromagnet it was not attracting small piece but when i have taken small dc motor core it was working well which core is best suitable for electromagnets??
At 12V 2 Amp supply
 

A soft iron nail is normally recommended for making electromagnets, particularly if you want to switch poles. Soft iron readily lets a magnetic flux field build and collapse. In contrast hardened steel is not so compliant.

Wind wire whose insulation is thin as possible (enamel insulated). As a boy I tried cloth-insulated wire, and I was dismayed to find it made a poor electromagnet.

You must expect to send a lot of Amperes through your electromagnet, if you wish it to have much magnetic force.
 

How to calculate its magnetic field?

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here it is
 

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Flux field intensity becomes stronger with greater Ampere-turns. There are formulas for calculating it.

That's the general idea anyway. Our experiments are subject to variables, which affect performance.
 
Flux field intensity becomes stronger with greater Ampere-turns. There are formulas for calculating it.

Hello,
What is the formula?
and i am using DC
here
how we design relay?
 

It is not just one formula, but several. They have the names Maxwell, Lorentz, right-hand rule, left-hand rule, etc.

Do you wish to construct a relay? That's a difficult project. The coil needs to generate a minimum flux field, so it activates the mechanism. The coil consists of many turns of very thin wire. You can apply a higher voltage and less Amperes, or vice versa.

You need to make the mechanical section so it only needs little 'pull' to operate. It needs to be made with precision. It would be a big challenge to build it yourself.
 

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