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You already said that the typical operating voltage for your appliances is 230V.
If you need to know the minimum voltage for an appliance to work or the maximum voltage that might cause damage then ask the manufacturer of the appliance.
In India 230VAC, 50Hz as nominal as in USA it is 110VAC, 60Hz.
The range of operating voltage of any device depends on the type of power supply used. Say for e.g. Most of the Linear power supplies have tolerance of +/- 10 to 15%. Same is the case with Capacitive and resistive power supplies.
While the device with SMPS power supplies can operate over wider range.
Universal power supplies generally have operating range of 70 to 270V AC/DC.
Fan or lights usually do not have an SMPS power supply. They are designed to work properly only when the voltage is 230VAC or 120VAC. Wikipedia lists the voltage in USA and Canada as 120VAC, not 110VAC.
My mains is about 121VAC and varies maybe only 2V. My electrical utility company says electricity is used the most before Christmas when it gets dark because of Christmas lights on homes and trees.
The cost for electricity here is less at night and on weekends to spread the demand.
I think you want to know why every consumer device in India works on 230V.
Well that's easy, India probably has Mains supply of 230V 50Hz since British Raj, as that standard is used in UK.
Now since every household in India gets that as the standard mains supply voltage, the consumer devices (in your terms "tv fan light etc ") must work optimistically at that standard otherwise they would prove useless. To attain this the said consumer devices are designed such that they work correctly anywhere in India.
If they are to work anywhere around the world , they are designed such that they work on a wide range of supply voltage as Shanmukesh said
Universal power supplies generally have operating range of 70 to 270V AC/DC
If you want to know why 230V 50Hz is the standard followed at some places and 120V 60Hz at some other places then that is a different matter altogether.
"how 230voltage is used in india" and "I asking" and "can any one say me it".
There is a language translation into English problem here because we do not know what he wants.
In most of the appliances like microwave oven , washing machine etc the control circuit works in the range of 3.3vdc to 12vdc . and the grid supply is typically 220V. Ofcourse the motor or coils are designed to run at 220vac.
So in order to meet a system requirement a power supply unit is designed which takes an input ranging from somewhere 85vac to 265vac and generate the desired output voltage . The input range also varies depending on cost and resources constraints provided to designer.
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