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Orthogonality - Definition

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Hello friends,

I want to know what exactly does orthogonality mean?

what is the concept of orthogonality?

i.e when we use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing...what does orthogonal means?

Thanks
 

Orthogonal means they have no overlap (geometrically : imagine two vectors ,they are orthogonal if projection of one is a point on the second one,or in other words their dot product =0).
It may be a little confusing to understand orthogonality in OFDM ,because the basis function (signal) in ideal OFDM need to be orthogonal in both time and frequency (orthogonal in two domains) ,but this is not the case in real world .
i also have faced this ambiguities when first read about OFDM.I suggest you to read the first paper of CH4 in "Theory and applications of OFDM and CDMA " for "Henrik schulze and christian Luder"
 
Many thanks ... another question: whats the difference between FDM nd OFDM?
 

fig2.gif

This is the best image to reveal the difference between them
 
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