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dropping each second sample is actually a kind of "decimation", but not what's usually meant with the term. Consider a signal covering the frequency range nearly up to fs/2. Dropping one of two samples results in the upper halfband being mirrored into the lower halfband - complete aliasing.
To prevent from aliasing, a low-pass filter must be applied to signal prior to resampling. Calculating the mean of two subsequent samples (add + shift right)would give at least a minimum of filtering, but more effective filtering could be necessary.
Yes, but even without aliasing components filtering would improve signal-to-noise ratio, e. g. 3 dB regarding broadband noise for the one of two mean value.
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