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first u need to know.. what are standing waves... then u would be able to know about voltage standing wave ratio.
now u know that every media is having a factor called impedance. u can search the definition of impedance from google or wikipedia.org
now what really occurs that when we connect antenna to cable usaully called feeder cable.. we need to make joints between cable and antenna.
when the impedance of antenna is lower or equals to that that of cable the signal successfully delivers. but if the impedanceof antenna is more that that of cable then the signals of waves returns back or reflection occurs..
a time came that these waves moves too and fro betwen cable and antenna thus creats standing waves.
now the ratio between the actual waves to the reflected wave is taken
SWR is an indicator of reflected waves bouncing back and forth within the transmission line, and as such, an increase in SWR corresponds to an increase in power in the line beyond the actual transmitted power. This increased power will increase RF losses, as increased voltage increases dielectric losses, and increased current increases resistive losses.
for further study see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSWR
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