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Dear Asia :
the positive and negative voltage is reference by ground . There are not positive or negative method is good or bad . But we use to postive voltage for IC .
When starting oscillator , it's signal is small . Therefore the PMOS operate at sturation . Then , the signal is more and more large . It will reach the everystage max gain . when reaching max gain , it maybe operate at saturation or triode range.
You can see " Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits" Behzad Razavi , Chpter 14. Oscillator .
In this chapter , it explain the gain and oscillator frequency of three stage need .
VCO amplitude
To neoflash:
You use this type of VCO which has some drawbacks. It's swing will follow the controlled voltage to change . After all , it's gain will decease under unit then it is limited frequency .
gardner pll
Hello :
You can study this Book .
Phase-Locked Loops Design,Simulation,& Applications Fifth Edition.
Roloand E. Best
Book Description
Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) are electronic circuits used for frequency control. Anything using radio waves, from simple...
pll loop bandwidth calculation
To neoflash and everybody:
I really not understand what your mean ? Can you explain to more detail. Or have any document discuss this topic ?
Added after 54 minutes:
To neoflash and everybody:
I have two document :
1. Deisgn of A PLL with Fast...
PLL stability
Why you say positive gain margin? If the system is stable or unstable , you must see open loop gain
phase margin !!! Can you say more detail ?
Added after 2 minutes:
sorry !!! I can see the paper
**broken link removed**
pll laplace
TO neoflash and all guy:
Thank you for your help.But in the first point , I have seen another paper say that loop bandwidth < 1/20 Reference frequency . The result is difference.
This may confuse me. Anybody have any opinion.
Thank you
what is loop bandwidth in a pll ?
Thank you .
But I have a question. loop badwidth has these relation. Then what is the function about nature-frequency from close-loop H(s). We kown damping factor have the characteristic of overshunt and undershunt...
pll natural frequency bandwith
Hi :
Nature frequency and loop bandwidth is difference,right ?. I always have some question. That is when we calculate H(s) we can get nature-frequency and damping factor. but loop bandwidth is how get ? and if the fact is right about which nature...
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