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Or coding to professional standards.
For measuring capacitance (in the ESR meter) the calibration is by adjusting the delay of the timing loop by padding it with goto's and nop's. The more accurate way to do it would be to measure the time taken for the capacitor to charge, and then devide it...
They are useful if you are building similiar systems, and modify the program and circuits to get what you want.
Since they are student projects, they are not very good examples of an ESR meter or fare meter.
Some of the projects on that page have been for engineering students as part of their academic studies. The emphasis, there, has been on the programming and interfacing of a microcontroller to do some significant task.
The ESR meter was built to demonstrate interfacing an LCD in "byte" mode...
transistor tester project
To check the gain, the tester needs to be able to measure the ratio of collector to emitter currents. This will need a PIC with ADC built in.
The other Transistor tester discussed in this forum does not have this, besides, it tests for FETs too.
My advise would be to...
If the output is directly from the collector of the transistor half of the optoisolator, the pull up is needed.
The rule for interfacing two pieces of equipment in the ttl days used to be that all outputs are open collector (ie, no pullup) and that all inputs must provide their own pull up...
simplest smps
I have looked at the circuit of a few SMPS chargers for mobile phones and they use a variant of this circuit.
The simplest have no feedback at all, and the output voltage varies linearly with the supply current.
Next up, is voltage feedback from an auxiliary winding. There is...
Use this as an output for the E (enable) input of the LCD. Wire the R/W line low (do not read from the LCD).
Next comes the hard part: you will have to find four lines to use as data - reuse some inputs or multiplex some outputs.
Otherwise, there are some solutions to use two lines to control...
stepper motor
Connecting a stepper motor as a two phase induction motor might work.
You would have to connect one winding directly to the AC supply and the other through a capacitor designed for a phase shift of 90 electrical degrees.
<Galileo> But it works!</>
For each clap, the microphone produces a decaying oscillatory waveform. If the transistor is in cutoff, it will be driven ON. If it is in saturation, it will get driven OFF. If it is in the active region, it will be driven between ON and OFF. With a sufficiently loud...
You might have bought schottky diodes in place of the 1N4148 specified. Or the place you bought them from might have supplied them instead. For most applications, this does not matter much.
However, this bistable circuit uses the 1N4148 in the emitter of one of the transistors in order to...
strobo led schematic
In the circuit you have provided, IC2 (voltage regulator) has the function of absorbing the difference between the supply input voltage (12) and the regulated output voltage (5) and dissipating it as heat.
You can look for a linear voltage regulator which will accept the...
led strobe 555 timer
Maybe program an eight pin PIC (if accurate timing is essential) or a six pin PIC (if approx timing will do) to output that sequence, and step up the power using a darlington?
In the first case, you will need a Vreg chip, a darlington, a crystal and the programmed PIC.
In...
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